Free Essays on How Languages Are Learned

and sentences that have multiple meanings. Gives kids access to word jokes, trick questions, riddles  · Simultaneous bilinguals: learn and hear more than one language from birth on  · Sequential bilinguals: learn second language later  · Subtractive bilinguals: cut off from family language as they are emerged in the second language. Children are caught because they have not had time to master the first language Developmental Sequences  · Grammatical morphemes: o Roger brown said that they develop in sequences (5) kids who have mastered the bottom of the list was sure to have mastered the top. o Order of acquisition o Longitudinal study: over a period of time  · Negation: learn to deny, reject, disagree with and refuse something o Stage one: first neg, usually expressed by the word â€Å"no† in a simple sentence o Stage 2: utterances g... Free Essays on How Languages Are Learned Free Essays on How Languages Are Learned HOW LANGUAGES ARE LEARNED CHAPTER 1: LEARNING A FIRST LANGUAGE  · Infants are able to hear subtle differences between sounds of human language  · By end of one year they can understand a few frequently used words. They can produce a couple of words that are recognizable  · By age 2, 50 words, and combine these words into simple sentences o Mommy juice o Telegraphic sentences: the leave out many auxiliary verb, articles, prepositions, etc. o They are recognized as sentences even though function word and grammatical morphemes are missing, the word order reflects the language they are hearing  · By age 3-4, most children ask questions or give commands, report real events, and create stories about imaginary ones-complete with correct grammatical morphemes.  · By 4 children have mastered the basic structures of the language  · Metalinguistic awareness: the ability to read language as an object, separate from the meaning it conveys-develops more slowly. Major metalinguistic awareness occurs when kids learn to read.  · MA includes the discovery of things such as ambiguity- words and sentences that have multiple meanings. Gives kids access to word jokes, trick questions, riddles  · Simultaneous bilinguals: learn and hear more than one language from birth on  · Sequential bilinguals: learn second language later  · Subtractive bilinguals: cut off from family language as they are emerged in the second language. Children are caught because they have not had time to master the first language Developmental Sequences  · Grammatical morphemes: o Roger brown said that they develop in sequences (5) kids who have mastered the bottom of the list was sure to have mastered the top. o Order of acquisition o Longitudinal study: over a period of time  · Negation: learn to deny, reject, disagree with and refuse something o Stage one: first neg, usually expressed by the word â€Å"no† in a simple sentence o Stage 2: utterances g...

How to Perform the Mohs Hardness Test

How to Perform the Mohs Hardness Test Identifying rocks and minerals relies heavily on chemistry, but most of us dont carry around a chem lab when were outside, nor do we have one to take rocks back to when we come home. So, how do you identify rocks? You gather information about your treasure to narrow down the possibilities. Its helpful to know the hardness of your rock. Rock hounds often use the Mohs test to estimate the hardness of a sample. In this test, you scratch an unknown sample with a material of known hardness. Heres how you can perform the test yourself. Difficulty: EasyTime Required: mere seconds Heres How: Find a clean surface on the specimen to be tested.Try to scratch this surface with the point of an object of known hardness, by pressing it firmly into and across your test specimen. For example, you could try to scratch the surface with the point on a crystal of quartz (hardness of 9), the tip of a steel file (hardness about 7), the point of a piece of glass (about 6), the edge of a penny (3), or a fingernail (2.5). If your point is harder than the test specimen, you should feel it bite into the sample.Examine the sample. Is there an etched line? Use your fingernail to feel for a scratch, since sometimes a soft material will leave a mark that looks like a scratch. If the sample is scratched, then it is softer than or equal in hardness to your test material. If the unknown was not scratched, it is harder than your tester.If you are unsure of the results of the test, repeat it, using a sharp surface of the known material and a fresh surface of the unknown.Most people dont carry around examples of all ten levels of the Mohs hardness scale, but you probably have a couple of points in your possession. If you can, test your specimen against other points to get a good idea of its hardness. For example, if you scatch your specimen with glass, you know its hardness is less than 6. If you cant scratch it with a penny, you know its hardness is between 3 and 6. The calcite in this photo has a Mohs hardness of 3. Quartz and a penny would scratch it, but a fingernail would not. Tips: Try to collect examples of as many hardness levels as you can. You can use a fingernail (2.5), penny (3), a piece of glass (5.5-6.5), a piece of quartz (7), steel file (6.5-7.5), sapphire file (9). What You Need: unknown specimenobjects of known hardness (e.g., coin, fingernail, glass)